Subjects: Optics >> Quantum optics submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract： At a fixed frequency, a general wave field in an open optical waveguide is a sum of finite number of guided modes and an integral of radiation modes. Most studies on open lossless dielectric waveguides are concerned with regular guided modes which are confined around the waveguide core, have a real propagation constant, and propagate along the waveguide axis without attenuation. However, there may be guided modes with a complex propagation constant even though the waveguide consists of lossless isotropic dielectric materials, and they are the so-called complex modes. The complex modes are proper modes confined around the waveguide core, and are different from the leaky modes which have divergent wave fields in the transverse plane. For waveguides with discontinuities and defects, the complex modes can be excited and must be included in eigenmode expansions. However, existing studies on complex modes in open lossless dielectric waveguides are very limited. In this Letter, we consider circular fibers and silicon waveguides, study the formation mechanism of complex modes, and calculate the dispersion relations for several complex modes in each waveguide. For circular fibers, we also determine the minimum refractive-index ratio for the existence of complex modes. Our study fills a gap in optical waveguide theory and provides a basis for realizing potential applications of complex modes.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Optics >> Quantum optics submitted time 2023-02-19
Jiewei Guo
Zhi Zhang
Nan Zhang
Binpeng Shang
Jiayun Xue
Yuezheng Wang
Shishi Tao
Bofu Xie
Lanjun Guo
Lie Lin
Weiwei Liu
Abstract： In this work, sub-ppb aerosol detection is achieved by femtosecond laser filament with a single pulse energy of 4 mJ at a distance of 30 m. A concave mirror with an open aperture of 41.4 cm is employed in an off-axis optical system to focus the femtosecond laser beam and collect the fluorescence of NaCl aerosol. The simulation and experimental results show that the astigmatism can be greatly reduced when femtosecond laser beam is incident non-symmetrically on the concave mirror. Compared with the case that femtosecond laser strikes at the center of the concave mirror, the intensity of the optical filament is increased by 69.5 times, and the detection of limit of sodium chloride aerosol is reduced by 86%, which is down to 0.32 ppb. The improved excitation scheme in this work utilizes the nonsymmetrical beam spot on the concave mirror to compensate the non-symmetry induced by the off-axis setup, reducing the astigmatism of the focusing laser beam and improving the aerosol's detection of limit.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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